UN human rights experts say India?s reported cross-border strikes into Pakistan after the April 22 Pahalgam attack may violate international law. In a 17-page UN communication dated Oct 16 and made public on Dec 15, experts found that India provided no publicly verifiable evidence linking Pakistan to the attack. They noted that India did not notify the UN Security Council under Article 51 (self-defence), raising concerns about possible unlawful use of force and right-to-life violations.

Experts stressed that counter-terrorism actions must meet necessity, proportionality, and distinction under international law. They expressed serious concern over India holding the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance, a binding 1960 water-sharing treaty whose unilateral suspension may breach international obligations. Disruption of Indus waters could affect millions in Pakistan who rely on the river for drinking water, agriculture, food security, and livelihoods. Access to safe drinking water is a recognized human right, and water should not be used as political pressure.

Key asks: UN experts asked India to clarify the legal basis for military action, treaty suspension, and safeguards against humanitarian, environmental, and economic harm. They also urged peaceful settlement of the Kashmir dispute in line with international law and self-determination.

Corrections / clarifications

Note: This summary reflects UN experts' concerns and the positions documented in the cited communication; it does not imply a judicial finding. The issues around the Article 51 notification and the Indus Waters Treaty are part of ongoing international-law discussions and should be interpreted in their full legal context.