In a 17-page UN communication dated Oct 16 and made public on Dec 15, UN human rights experts say that India's reported cross-border strikes into Pakistan after the Pahalgam attack may violate international law. They note that there is no publicly verifiable evidence linking Pakistan to the attack. India did not notify the UN Security Council under Article 51 (self-defense), raising concerns over unlawful use of force and potential right-to-life violations. The experts stress that counter-terrorism actions must meet the principles of necessity, proportionality, and distinction.

They express serious concern over holding the Indus Waters Treaty in abeyance. The IWT is a binding 1960 water-sharing treaty; unilateral suspension may breach international obligations. Disrupting Indus waters could affect millions in Pakistan who rely on the river system for drinking water, agriculture, food security, and livelihoods. Access to safe drinking water is a recognized human right, and water should not be used as political pressure.

UN experts asked India to clarify the legal basis for military action and treaty suspension, and to ensure safeguards against humanitarian, environmental, and economic harm. They also urge a peaceful settlement of the Kashmir dispute in line with international law and the right to self-determination.